So, leaving out some evolutionary bells and whistles that may enhance avian and insect color vision, bees’ eyes are substantially less sensitive toward the red end of the spectrum than our eyes or birds’ eyes. The sensitivity declines with increasing distance from the peak wavelength, so it takes some pretty intense red light to stimulate the yellow receptors of birds and humans. That’s because each type of cone cell can be stimulated by wavelengths near as well as at its peak. Notice that none of these photoreceptors peaks in the red range (~650 nm), yet we humans (and most birds) see red reasonably well. The graphic below is my attempt to visualize the differences in color sensitivity between humans, honeybees, and hummingbirds: Birds go us and bees one better with four types of cones (tetrachromacy) peaking at 370 nm (near-UV), 445 nm (indigo), 508 nm (green), and 565 nm (yellow) ( Goldsmith 2006). Human eyes also contain three types of cone cells, but the peak sensitivities fall around 424 nm (indigo-violet), 530 nm (yellow-green), and 560 nm (yellow). The three sensitivity peaks fall at 340 nm (near-ultraviolet), 430 nm (violet-indigo), and 540 nm (yellow-green). Rodríguez-Gironés and Luis Santamaría, the eyes of most bees, including honeybees, contain three types of color-detecting cone cells (trichromacy), each of which is sensitive to different wavelengths of light in a different band. According to “ Why Are So Many Bird Flowers Red?” by Miguel A. The story is actually pretty complicated and starts with the different ways that bees, birds, and humans see the world. Why are some feeders with yellow parts ignored by bees? And why do some red feeders attract bees while others don’t? Disappointingly, when I reported these observations to Perky Pet and suggested that the company consider at least offering red replacement flowers, the representative’s only comment was, “Well, our customers like the yellow flowers.” Not their feathered customers, of course, but the ones with the cash.īut some people report no problems with bees on feeders with yellow parts, and others have terrible bee problems on all-red feeders. Eventually we phased out Perky Pet feeders altogether (even in the bookstore), but until then this strategy helped to reduce the preserve’s bee problems. The leftover red flowers we handed out to preserve visitors having bee problems with similar feeders. It was out with the yellow and in with the red on of all the preserve’s Perky Pet feeders. This continued for a couple of weeks, well beyond the time it should have taken for the bees to learn to associate the red “flowers” with food. Very few remained at the red flowers long enough to discourage hummingbirds from feeding. The results were unambiguous: The bees would fly up to the red side of the feeder, buzz around, maybe land briefly, but soon take off and fly around to the other side to join their hive-mates feeding around the yellow flowers. I immediately grabbed a handful and used them to replace half the yellow flowers on a couple of the problem feeders. A few weeks later a box arrived containing several hundred red plastic flowers. Since the preserve’s bookstore sold hundreds of Perky Pet feeders every year, I called the company to ask if they could make us a few red plastic flowers using the same mold as the yellow ones. And who pollinates those little yellow sunflowers? Bees and other six-leggity beasties, that’s who. Those five-petaled plastic pinwheels around the feeder ports could stand in for the flowers of any of hundreds of species in the sunflower family. A little reading confirmed that yellow is a color ecologists associate with flowers that are insect pollinated ( entomophilous, “insect-loving,” as opposed to ornithophilous, “bird-loving”). The preserve was having a lot of trouble with bees, mostly long-tongued bumblebees and carpenter bees, on some of its twenty-odd feeders, mostly the Perky Pet 210-P and similar models with yellow plastic “flowers” around the ports.Īs I read everything I could find about hummingbirds, including pollination ecology, it dawned on me that very few hummingbird-pollinated flowers are yellow and very few bee-pollinated flowers are red. I first began to ponder this issue twenty years ago, when I was co-manager of The Nature Conservancy’s Ramsey Canyon Preserve. Most hummingbird feeders are based on similar visual cues, but what if your feeder sent mixed signals that unintentionally lured less welcome critters as well as hummingbirds? Essentially, you’re thinking like a hummingbird, associating trumpet-shaped blossoms in “hot” colors with the promise of a sweet reward. If you’re a hummingbird gardener, you’ve probably developed a search image that helps you select flowers most likely to please your discriminating clientele. Featured in The Open Laboratory 2008!space
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Log into your Google account, then go to My Library.Click the Star icon under each record you wish to export.To export multiple records, you need a Google account: From your Google Scholar search results you can now click on the Import into Refman link beneath any result.Under Bibliography Manager, select Show links to import citations into RefMan.Click on the menu icon, with three horizontal lines at the top left of the screen.When the import is complete, click Finish.Ensure Copy files to the Zotero storage system is selected and click Next.Select the file you want to import and click Open. An Options dialogue box will appear.Ensure the correct file type (BibTex, RIS, Zotero RDF etc.) is selected and click Next.From within your Zotero desktop library, click on File and then Import. An Import dialogue box will appear.Save the file in your Downloads folder or any other dedicated folder.Optionally you can tick the box to remove all references from the folder once they've been exported. Select Direct export in RIS format (default) or Citations in BibText format.Click on Export, a new dialogue box will open.Select All or specific references you want to Export then.Then go to the Folder icon at the top of the page.Click on the Share button and then under Add to Folder click on Results (1-50).Then follow the instructions above for exporting multiple records (from the third step: Select Reference Manger OR BibText.īefore exporting your references you will need to save the results of your search in the EBSCO database own Folder. For Trials use Export this CENTRAL record.For Cochrane Reviews, Cochrane Protocols, Editorials, and Clinical Answers, use the Cite this. Use the Zotero Connector save button to save the reference, this is by far the easiest option.Select the record title to view the full record then: Your references have been imported into you Zotero library.Įxporting a single citation from a single recordĪ citation for the majority of records in the Cochrane Library can be exported in two ways:.Another dialog box titled Options opens, use the default options (or change them) then click Next.You will see your computer Download folder, select the citation-export file you want to import then click Open.Select A file (BibTex, RIS…) click Next.From the File menu, select the option to Import, a dialog box titled ‘Where do you want to import form?’ will open.Select Download and save your file to your Downloads folder or any other relevant folder.If abstracts are desired, select the Include abstract checkbox.Select RIS (EndNote) or RIS (Reference Manager) or BibText.Select Export Selected Citation(s) above the list of search results.Use the checkboxes to select the references you would like to export or Select all.You will need to export one category at a time. You can export multiple search results for the following categories: Cochrane Reviews, Cochrane Protocols, Trials, and Clinical Answers. Organising your desktop library Toggle Dropdown.Adding references using ISBN, DOI or PubMed ID.Getting started with Zotero Toggle Dropdown. On the first day, you will be picked up from your chosen location in Marrakech, continue into the Atlas Mountains, and cross the Tizi-n-Tichka pass. During the tour, you will have a close personal experience of the desert, including an opportunity to visit several oases, explore a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and spend the night time beneath the stars in a camp in the middle of the Sahara Desert. On this 3-day, 2-night adventure to Merzouga and Erg Chebbi you will discover the magic sight of the big south of Morocco. What can you expect from this 3-day trip from Marrakech to Merzouga? It’s not just that, it’s also possible that you’ll get to see some sights that you may have seen in popular movies such as the kasbah of Ait Ben Haddou. You can also travel by camel through the desert and spend the night in a very nice nomad camp amidst the sand dunes. It also offers a great opportunity to experience what it is like to live a nomadic life, even if only for a short time. Merzouga is without a doubt one of the best places to visit in the Moroccan desert. You will have the chance to meet like-minded individuals who may share the same travel interests. It would be a good idea to travel to the dunes of Merzouga and discover colorful small Berber villages. 3 Days Sahara Desert Trip from Marrakech Overviewĭuring this 3 Days Sahara Desert Trip from Marrakech, you will discover the magical sights of the Sahara Desert.Īre you in Marrakech and looking for something fun to make your trip more interesting? Then this trip might be for you. If you dream of singing and playing music next to the campfire, sleeping under a million shining stars, and gazing at the sun sinking slowly below the horizon, this desert trip will bring your fantasies to life. This desert tour also offers you plenty of adventurous and fun activities such as experiencing a camel ride. The tour gives you a great opportunity to discover the most interesting places in southeast Morocco. “Morocco Adventure” is a special category of the Sahara Desert Challenge that allows a shorter participation in the Great African Adventure, with stages in Portugal, Spain and Morocco, including fantastic stages in the West of Morocco.This 3-day Sahara desert trip from Marrakech starts early in the morning at 08:00 AM from your preferred location in Marrakech and heads towards the beautiful southeast of the country with its beautiful authentic small villages and valleys. Participation in the category “Morocco Adventure” In 4×4, including 2 participants: 1.200€ Extra participant: 700€ In 4×4, including 1 participant: 950€ In motorbike, including 1 participant: 1.100€ » Sign-ups until 31/07*: – New participants: 50€ discount – Participants with 1 participation: 100€ discount – Participants with 2 or more participations: 150€ discount * With the payment of the total amount Includes: Reception lunch reception to be held in Coruche (day 27/12) / 2 nights accommodation during the expedition (Asilah and Dakhla in double or triple accommodation with breakfast) / Mechanical assistance / Medical assistance / Local assistance ( border crossings, etc.) / Navigation and navigation elements (road-book, tracks and waypoints) To participate, you do not need to have advanced knowledge of off-road driving or off-road navigation, and the vehicles for participation do not require special preparation … this is an adventure for you, participate! The new edition includes off-road sections through amazing tracks in the west inland and coastal of Morocco, interior of Mauritania and Senegal… the expedition will cross fabulous locations, full of landscapes that will stop your breath! A good dose of courage, spirit of adventure, ability to help and good humor are essential ingredients to undertake the fantastic route defined for this crossing. This is an expedition that aims to recreate the great moments of evasion and adventure of the mythical “Dakar Rally” with quite affordable participation costs and the possibility of participation of various types of motor vehicles: 4×4 and 4×4 trucks. The 10th Edition of the Sahara Desert Challenge is a trans-Saharan adventure that connects two continents: Europe and Africa … and crosses five countries: Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Mauritania and Senegal… Dakar is the destination! Sahara Desert Challenge – The great African adventure continues! 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Writers will be responsible for developing content in the form of blog posts, articles, landing page content and additional marketing content (email copy, etc.). We are in need of freelance writers to join our team. It was originally open, but it felt like it made some other routes more redundant - so I ended up clipping it. That opening is meant for your opponent to fry your buttocks if you retreat into that room for the 50hp. I don't want to make it easier to get out there for the delay reasons. The risk of going in there also reflects the value of the item you get The gid gud XDF jump was not intentional, but if it works then it works. But since this is not a "Git Gud" XDF map, the trickjump could be easier and more fluid.I made it a dead end like that, so there would be some delay between picking up 100a and mega health (across the teleporter). I know it is possible to jump out of it and managed it two times. I consider this a problematic dead end too. And if your circle jump is not good enough, then lead with an extra jump. Either with the speed of the jump pad, the speed of the tele exit or a simple circle jump. They also make it more difficult to use the blaster to jump to the vortex.Ĭonscious decision, this was partially to save some texturing work (for all the areas that would become visible) and is kind of unnecessary to have that space too because you can make that jump without blaster too. The ceiling clips are quite low and make the map feel cramped. I'm glad you bring up few of these things, because it gives me the opportunity to talk about the design decisions I made: Thanks for your input and time, really appreciate it. Feel free to grab a spray can and write your criticism on the blast door (somebody already beat you to it though). You're not the only one who's been denied the warmth and safety of the bunker. I'm expecting some good frag runs on FFA/TDM I could not decide which powerup to put in so I ended up putting both, probably doesn't hurt to have at least one map like this lol. In the other hand, it can also be a very safe space if you prepare a good vantage point and an escape route. It's one huge death trap basically, so you need to make a swift decision to get out of there. There's 4 entrances to shield room, but only 3 ways out and all of them are kind of tricky. I don't have that much experience with mapping, so if you have any ideas to improve the map I'd appreciate it! I've put the map on the EAC serversPerformance was my first worry and it's actually a subject I could use some help with. Is there actually a way into the tuhma district bunker? The posters imply it, but I have not managed to get in I'm a bit surprised to see both strengh and shield as this map is rather small. I guess to reach it without splash weapons is by using the street lamps. The shield is quite hard to reach, even with splash weapons, so that will be an interesting spot. The room with the shield seems a bit disconnected from the rest of the map, but that is not necessarily a bad thing. I can't say too much about the gameplay as I have not played a real match on it, but the layout feels pretty nice. As SpiKe already said, the FPS suffer in some spots, especially on the top platform (the one that you can reach with the jumppad). (05-18-2017, 05:27 PM)Freddy Wrote: This map looks great and the attention to detail is far above average. No credit is required for personal projects. Our designs may be used Commercially to create and sell the following types of products within the parameters specified in our Shop Policies: The listed price for this item includes Personal and Limited Commercial Use (up to 50 items/sales with credit given) - we also offer additional Licensing options. With the purchase, download, or use of digital cutting files & clipart from Printable Cuttable Creatables, you agree to our full Terms of Use: If you are having trouble downloading or opening your file, please contact me for assistance! See Shop Policies for details. > Due to the digital nature of this item, NO refunds, exchanges or returns will be given. No physical items will be shipped / mailed to you. > After purchase you will receive an email from Etsy with a link for downloading your purchase. > This item is supplied to you as a compressed zip file. When opening SVG files in your cutting software, you may need to make sure cut lines are "turned on" Print & Cut files are SVG format with cutting line established - no tracing needed! 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Open your Applications folder and double-click the macOS installer, named Install. pkg file, then follow the onscreen instructions to install the macOS installer into your Applications folder. dmg file to open it and see the package (.pkg) file within.ĭouble-click the. Use these links to download a macOS disk image (.dmg) file.ĭouble-click the. One example is the “Catherine wheel” hairstyle, named after Catherine of Aragon. These hairstyles were often elaborate, incorporating intricate braiding techniques, voluminous curls, and ornate accessories. Royalty and nobility in medieval times had access to a wide range of extravagant hairstyles that were reserved exclusively for them. Hairstyles Reserved for Royalty or Nobility in Medieval Times
As with other drugs, make sure the KI you buy has been approved by the FDA. Since it is not a prescription drug, you can buy it over the Internet. Yes, though it may not widely available in drug stores near you. You are allowed to get it over-the-counter. If you keep it in a dry, dark and cool place, it should last for many years. The manufacturers say KI stays "fresh" for 5-7 years. If KI has been stored for a while, is it still OK to use? Pills are available in 65-mg or 130-mg doses. You should keep taking it once a day until the health department says to stop, or you are out of the emergency area. Over 12 - 18 years and less than 150 pounds For children or babies who cannot take pills, parents and caregivers can cut or crush the pill to make lower doses, or give the liquid form of KI. It's better for children under 12 years old to take the 65-mg pill, but it is safe to take the 130-mg pill if that is the only one you have. Since it is hard to cut many pills, the State Health Commissioner says that, in an emergency, it is safe for children at school or day care centers to take the whole pill. KI comes in liquid, 65-mg tablets and 130-mg tablets. The table below shows the smallest KI dose that different age groups can take which will protect the thyroid. Babies need to be watched carefully if they take KI. It is not a good idea to take KI if you have certain medical conditions or problems. Talk to your doctor before an emergency occurs. Most people can take KI, but you should talk to your doctor before taking it. Are there some people who should not take KI? The federal government thinks the benefits of taking KI are much greater than the risks. Adults who had reactions had stomach problems or a rash. In a few cases, babies had a reaction in their thyroids. If people did have a reaction, it did not last very long. In general, most people who have taken KI have not had any reactions (side effects). This might include leaving the area, staying inside with your windows closed and/or taking KI. You will be told what, if any, actions you should take to protect yourself. However, it protects only your thyroid, not other parts of your body. KI works very well to protect your thyroid gland. It does not protect you from other kinds of radioactive material. KI will only protect you from radioactive iodine. Does KI work in all radiation emergencies? Your local health department will tell you when you should start taking KI and they will also tell you when you can stop taking it. If there is an emergency, you will hear an announcement from your local or state health officials. You can also take it 3 or 4 hours later, but it will not be as helpful. You need to take KI before or just after you are exposed to radioiodine. We have learned this from looking at children in Russia and other areas who were exposed to the radioiodine from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. What age group has the highest risk from exposure to radioiodine? When you take the KI pill, it fills your thyroid with a kind of iodine that prevents your thyroid gland from taking in any of the radioactive kind of iodine. When you take the KI pill, it protects your thyroid gland from being harmed. You could breathe in the radioiodine or eat food that has some radioiodine in it. This could hurt your thyroid gland, or even cause thyroid cancer later on. If there is a radiation emergency at a nuclear plant, large amounts of something called radioiodine could be put into the air. What is potassium iodide (KI) and what is it used for? The questions and answers below will give you more information. The New York State Health Department agrees. This drug is called potassium iodide (KI). In December 2001, the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said if there was a radiation emergency, people should take a drug that would help protect them from thyroid cancer. This fact sheet is about the NYS policy for people, especially those who live within ten miles of a nuclear power plant, who may be exposed to radiation from a nuclear plant emergency.
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